为有源头活水来——“两弹一星”科技英才早年成长的家庭因素

家庭是人才成长的重要因素。“两弹一星”科技英才早年的成长也得益于此,即：深厚的家学渊源——“两弹一星”科技英才早年成长的知识土壤;殷实的家庭经济——“两弹一星”科技英才早年成长的物质基础;优良的家族传统——“两弹一星”科技英才早年成长的文化基因。     

一种新的针对模型误差所致滤波发散的补偿方法

系统模型误差是导致卡尔曼滤波发散的一个很重要的原因,分析了衰减记忆法和限定记忆法两种对模型误差所致滤波发散的补偿方法,通过引入阈值可以将这两种方法进行有机结合,给出了一种新的衰减限定记忆算法。算例分析验证了衰减限定记忆算法在抑制滤波发散方面具有比衰减记忆和限定记忆法更好的性能,并能自适应调整算法所需观测数据数目。     

Lost through non-translation: bringing Clausewitz's writings on ‘new wars’ back in

While Carl von Clausewitz has generally been respected as one of the most profound philosophers of war, his expertise has been regarded as somewhat limited if not even irrelevant to the so-called ‘new wars’ of the post-Cold War world. Many scholars in international relations have claimed that ‘new wars’ are essentially ‘post-Clausewitzian’ and ‘post-trinitarian’ in nature, meaning that they are no longer fathomable through a Clausewitzian framework. However Clausewitz's earlier writings were nearly exclusively dedicated to guerrilla warfare, or what he called ‘small wars’. These writings have been largely overlooked by many analysts of contemporary conflicts. By drawing on his rare and untranslated writings, the article uncovers a critical part of Clausewitz's expertise in asymmetric warfare and shows that, far from being irrelevant in an age where interstate warfare is increasingly being replaced by conflicts between states and semi-/non-state actors, Clausewitz's philosophical writings actually shed new light into the particular interactive dynamics generated during wars waged under conditions of asymmetry.     

基于压缩估计的单星观测定轨方法研究

分析了单星观测模式下的天基测控系统的可行性,并针对该观测模式下轨道确定中法矩阵的特点,提出了一种基于压缩估计的定轨方法,该方法对法矩阵进行变换,避免了法矩阵奇异造成的误差传递。证明了当满足一定条件时,该压缩方法的估计精度要高于传统的定轨方法。并结合单星观测的特殊性,提出了误差传递因子,设计了单星观测下的压缩估计定轨算法。最后以单星模式下的天基测控系统作为仿真背景进行了仿真试验。结果表明,该压缩估计可有效提高单星观测模式下的轨道确定精度。     

带点缺陷的一维亥姆霍兹共振腔声子晶体中缺陷模式

在基于亥姆霍兹共振腔的一维声子晶体中引入点缺陷会在原有局域共振型声禁带内产生缺陷模式。采用传递矩阵法和有限元法分析了缺陷模式随缺陷单元几何尺寸变化关系和声子晶体中声场分布情况。结果表明,随着缺陷单元与完美单元之间耦合程度的增强,缺陷模式从局域共振型禁带中完美单元共振频率处向禁带边缘移动。同时,缺陷模式的存在使得结构中出现了能量局域化的现象。本工作对设计新型声滤波器、能量集中装置具有一定的理论意义。     

主成分分析在铁谱磨粒识别中的应用研究

介绍了主成分分析(PCA)基本原理与算法,提出了主成分分析用于铁谱磨粒识别的基本思路和方法,给出了具体的应用步骤,并通过实例对基于主成分分析的铁谱磨粒识别方法有效性进行了分析和验证,结果表明,该方法在减少铁谱磨粒识别工作量和提高识别准确率方面效果良好。     

基于功能角色模型的反馈系统故障模式影响分析

从系统功能设计过程出发,在分析反馈系统工作原理及其功能角色模型构造特点的基础上,认为反馈信号在输入端可等效为正、负、零三种误差信号。以此为基础,提出了反馈系统基于该理论的故障传播分析方法和技术。最后以飞机发动机燃料计量系统为例,阐述该方法在反馈系统中应用的可行性。经案例分析表明,该方法可以比较有效地解决一类带反馈环的故障分析问题,大大提高了功能角色模型的应用范围。     

基于Digital UNIX平台的实时数字引导实现方法

根据导弹飞行试验任务中对测控设备进行数字引导的实际需求,介绍了数字引导在飞行试验任务中的作用和基于Digital UNIX平台实现对测控设备数字引导的原理,从确保数字引导实时性、引导数据可靠性、引导外推点确定及修正引导方法四个方面介绍实现数字引导的关键技术,为导弹飞行试验任务中确保测量设备及时捕获和跟踪目标,成功地实现数字引导提供了实用的实现方法。     

Institutional Analysis and Irregular Warfare: A Case Study of the French Army in Algeria 1954–1960

This article proposes a case study to illustrate the usefulness of sociological institutional analysis as a method to uncover ‘blue force’ challenges to deal with irregular warfare. The French Army's adaptation to revolutionary warfare in Algeria, starting in 1954, is used to illustrate both the application of the methodology and how institutional forces can hinder as well as overwhelm transformation for irregular warfare. The analysis emphasizes three key dimensions of the French Army's institutional adaptation: the regulative, normative and cognitive. These empirical elements are used to show how they interacted and influenced the institutional implementation of the French COIN structures.     

An Imperfect Jewel: Military Theory and the Military Profession

This article explores a perennial theme in the literature of strategic studies: the relationship between military theory and the military profession. It begins with a conceptual analysis of this relationship. It then investigates what military theorists themselves have had to say about the utility of their craft. It concludes by assessing the actual influence of military theory on selected individuals and institutions. The individuals are George S. Patton, Jr., and Ulysses S. Grant. The institutions are the United States Army and the United States Air Force in the late twentieth century. The fundamental finding is suggested in the title: military theory can indeed be quite useful in the maturation of military commanders and in the development of martial institutions, but it is not always necessary and by no means perfect. It should thus be studied assiduously but used with caution.